{"id":9325,"date":"2024-05-04T23:57:07","date_gmt":"2024-05-05T05:57:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/qualityofmercy.com\/blog\/?p=9325"},"modified":"2024-05-05T00:21:48","modified_gmt":"2024-05-05T06:21:48","slug":"exhuming-joe-hill","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/qualityofmercy.com\/blog\/2024\/05\/04\/exhuming-joe-hill\/","title":{"rendered":"Exhuming Joe Hill"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>By now viewers of MSNBC surely are familiar with reporter Adam Klasfeld who currently is attending the Manhattan trial of Donald Trump. You may not know that Klasfeld holds a B.A. in Theatre Arts from Rutgers and studied in London with Richard Digby Day (who &#8220;is credited with discovering actors\u00a0Ralph Fiennes\u00a0and\u00a0Hugh Grant&#8221;<span id='easy-footnote-1-9325' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/qualityofmercy.com\/blog\/2024\/05\/04\/exhuming-joe-hill\/#easy-footnote-bottom-1-9325' title='&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Richard_Digby_Day#Career_as_a_Professor&quot;&gt;See&lt;\/a&gt; source at Wikipedia.'><sup>1<\/sup><\/a><\/span>). Klasfeld is the author of a number of plays as well as artistic director of the theater company One Armed Man.<span id='easy-footnote-2-9325' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/qualityofmercy.com\/blog\/2024\/05\/04\/exhuming-joe-hill\/#easy-footnote-bottom-2-9325' title='&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Adam_Klasfeld&quot;&gt;See&lt;\/a&gt; Klasfeld&amp;#8217;s Wikipedia entry.'><sup>2<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<p>Because I&#8217;m a member of the Industrial Workers of the World, I became interested in Klasfeld&#8217;s theatrical side months ago upon reading that he authored a play called <em>I Dreamed I Saw Joe Hill&#8217;s Lover, Last Night<\/em> (2011). It&#8217;s the second installment in Klasfeld&#8217;s American Folk Trilogy, itself consistent with a body of &#8220;work [that] often takes dark twists on little-known historical narratives.&#8221; Part one, <em>Report of My Death<\/em> (2009) involves Mark Twain&#8217;s &#8220;later life and politics.&#8221; Part three, <em>Pluck<\/em>, &#8220;drudged up the sordid scandal that nearly ruined Horatio Alger.&#8221;<span id='easy-footnote-3-9325' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/qualityofmercy.com\/blog\/2024\/05\/04\/exhuming-joe-hill\/#easy-footnote-bottom-3-9325' title='&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.adamklasfeld.com\/theater&quot;&gt;See&lt;\/a&gt; Theater on Klasfeld&amp;#8217;s website.'><sup>3<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"525\" height=\"611\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/qualityofmercy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/daily_worker_1936-09-04_joe_hill.jpg?resize=525%2C611&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Daily Worker (NY), 04 Sep 1936, Joe Hill music and lyrics\" class=\"wp-image-9337\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/qualityofmercy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/daily_worker_1936-09-04_joe_hill.jpg?resize=880%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 880w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/qualityofmercy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/daily_worker_1936-09-04_joe_hill.jpg?resize=258%2C300&amp;ssl=1 258w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/qualityofmercy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/daily_worker_1936-09-04_joe_hill.jpg?resize=768%2C894&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/qualityofmercy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/daily_worker_1936-09-04_joe_hill.jpg?resize=1319%2C1536&amp;ssl=1 1319w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/qualityofmercy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/daily_worker_1936-09-04_joe_hill.jpg?w=1645&amp;ssl=1 1645w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/qualityofmercy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/daily_worker_1936-09-04_joe_hill.jpg?w=1050&amp;ssl=1 1050w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/qualityofmercy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/daily_worker_1936-09-04_joe_hill.jpg?w=1575&amp;ssl=1 1575w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">From the <strong>Daily Worker<\/strong>, New York edition, September 4, 1936. The title is simply \u201cJoe Hill,\u201d and the sheet music lyrics don\u2019t match the ones below.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Of course, Klasfeld&#8217;s title for the trilogy&#8217;s part two incorporates the first lines of a famous ode to Joe Hill, who was an organizer with the IWW as well as a cartoonist and lyricist (whereby we have <a href=\"http:\/\/joehillslc.org\/joe-hill\/joe-hill-songs\/the-preacher-and-the-slave\/\">the phrase<\/a> &#8220;pie in the sky&#8221;). The song &#8220;Joe Hill&#8221; (aka &#8220;I Dreamed I Saw Joe Hill Last Night&#8221;) comes from a poem by Alfred Hayes. In 1936 Hayes was artistic director at a Communist summer gathering called Camp Unity, attended by Abel Meeropol (writer of the classic &#8220;Strange Fruit&#8221;) as well as musician Earl Robinson. In preparation for a fireside tribute to the IWW that year Hayes handed Robinson his poem, whereupon Robinson retreated to a tent, emerging with a song minutes later.<span id='easy-footnote-4-9325' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/qualityofmercy.com\/blog\/2024\/05\/04\/exhuming-joe-hill\/#easy-footnote-bottom-4-9325' title='Earl Robinson with Eric A. Gordon, &lt;em&gt;Ballad of an American: The Autobiography of Earl Robinson&lt;\/em&gt;, Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press, 1998, 45\u201355. Robinson writes (52) that Hayes had published his poem in &lt;em&gt;New Masses&lt;\/em&gt; in 1934, but the &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/history\/usa\/pubs\/new-masses\/1934\/1934-35-New-Masses-Index-ocr.pdf&quot;&gt;index&lt;\/a&gt; available to me doesn&amp;#8217;t list it. Adler (see below) repeats this (18) without citing a source. The earliest citation I found for Hayes and Robinson&amp;#8217;s song is the &lt;em&gt;Daily Worker&lt;\/em&gt;, (04 Sep 1936, 5), under the title &amp;#8220;Remembering Joe Hill,&amp;#8221; in Frank Bergon and Zeese Papanikolas (eds.), &lt;em&gt;Looking Far West: The Search for the American West in History, Myth, and Literature&lt;\/em&gt;, New York: New American Library, 1978, 407\u2013408. This latter version begins, &amp;#8220;I dreamed I saw Joe Hill again\/ Alive as you and me.&amp;#8221; The New York edition of the &lt;em&gt;Worker&lt;\/em&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/history\/usa\/pubs\/dailyworker\/1936\/v13-n213-NY-sep-04-1936-DW-Q.pdf&quot;&gt;available&lt;\/a&gt; to me, published sheet music as well as lyrics on its page 7 (shown above), but the twain don&amp;#8217;t jibe, with the latter employing &amp;#8220;again&amp;#8221; while the former uses &amp;#8220;last night.&amp;#8221; Bob Dylan mimics the song&amp;#8217;s opening in his &amp;#8220;I Dreamed I Saw St. Augustine.&amp;#8221;'><sup>4<\/sup><\/a><\/span> And the rest is history\u2014at least for those who heard Joan Baez sing the song at Woodstock.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Joan Baez, &quot;Joe Hill&quot; live at the Woodstock Festival, 1969\" width=\"525\" height=\"295\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/l-JW4DKxwQM?start=3&#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Klasfeld <a href=\"https:\/\/www.adamklasfeld.com\/theater\">writes<\/a> that his play &#8220;focused on the forgotten love affair behind a union folk hero, and his curious ties to Helen Keller, through a dream narrative.&#8221; A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theatermania.com\/new-york-city-theater\/news\/one-armed-man-to-present-adam-klasfelds-i-dreamed-_43624.html\/\">notice<\/a> regarding a one-night performance in November 2011 expounds:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">The play centers around novelist Jacob Goldstein as he attempts to unravel the mystery of Joe Hill\u2019s mysterious lover. Visited by visions of folk heroes, floating pies and strange, masked figures, his obsession may lead him to an answer. Mashing up the histories of Joe Hill, Helen Keller and Martin Luther King, Jr., the play explores ideas of art, lust, commitment, self-sacrifice, heroism and the connection between personal and social revolution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Spoiler Alert<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>I believe it was Bill Adler who identified Joe Hill&#8217;s lover in his comprehensive biography <em>The Man Who Never Died: The Life, Times, and Legacy of Joe Hill, American Labor Icon<\/em>, published the summer of 2011. Her name is Hilda Erickson and, without going into detail, in protecting her from scandal Hill allowed himself to be charged with a double murder. His alibi\u2014being with her the night of the murder\u2014would have exposed the unmarried Erickson. Given that Hill essentially refused to defend himself against the State of Utah, his case became a cause c\u00e9l\u00e8bre around which workers organized.<span id='easy-footnote-5-9325' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/qualityofmercy.com\/blog\/2024\/05\/04\/exhuming-joe-hill\/#easy-footnote-bottom-5-9325' title='Adler, &lt;em&gt;The Man Who Never Died [\u2026]&lt;\/em&gt;, New York: Bloomsbury, 2011, passim.'><sup>5<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"525\" height=\"660\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/qualityofmercy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/copland-hayes-into_the_streets-may-01-1934-NM-23-scaled.jpg?resize=525%2C660&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Into the Streets by Aaron Copland and Alfred Hayes sheet music\" class=\"wp-image-9346\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Aaron Copland&#8217;s setting of &#8220;Into the Streets May First&#8221; by Alfred Hayes, printed in <strong>New Masses<\/strong>, May 1, 1934 (full lyrics <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peoplesworld.org\/article\/today-in-history-remembering-composer-aaron-copland\/\">here<\/a>). The song won the Workers\u2019 Music League prize that year. After winning his own composition competition in 1935, Earl Robinson studied with Copland for a year.<span id='easy-footnote-6-9325' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/qualityofmercy.com\/blog\/2024\/05\/04\/exhuming-joe-hill\/#easy-footnote-bottom-6-9325' title='Robinson, 67.'><sup>6<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Coda<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>In looking at versions of Alfred Hayes and Earl Robinson&#8217;s &#8220;Joe Hill,&#8221; blogger Dr. Lori Taylor <a href=\"https:\/\/drloritaylor.com\/articles\/dont-mourn-organize\/joe-hill-robinson\/\">directed<\/a> me to a 1935 volume containing three stanzas of the song. The book is <em>Proletarian Literature in the United States: An Anthology<\/em> and contains Alan Calmer&#8217;s essay &#8220;The Wobbly in American Literature.&#8221; Calmer sings the praises of Hayes, calling him<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">one of the younger poets who has developed inside the Communist movement. Adept at handling many moods, this young Communist poet salutes his predecessor [Hill] in his own idiom [song]. [\u2026]<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">The Wobbly literary movement was buried long ago. Its revolutionary heritage has passed on to the Communist men of letters.<span id='easy-footnote-7-9325' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/qualityofmercy.com\/blog\/2024\/05\/04\/exhuming-joe-hill\/#easy-footnote-bottom-7-9325' title='Granville Hicks et al. (eds.), &lt;em&gt;Proletarian Literature in the United States: An Anthology&lt;\/em&gt;, New York: International Publishers, 1935, 340\u2013345.'><sup>7<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\"><em>Header image:<br>MSNBC&#8217;s Lawrence O&#8217;Donnell<br>sits next to Adam Klasfeld<br>in the gallery at Trump&#8217;s<br>Manhattan trial, May 2, 2024<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Notes<\/h5>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Looking at Joe Hill by way of reporter Adam Klasfeld.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":9327,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[86,85,147,165],"tags":[1394,323,1399,1400,1397,1402,1395,1398],"class_list":["post-9325","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-iww","category-labor","category-news-media","category-theater","tag-adam-klasfeld","tag-donald-trump","tag-helen-keller","tag-hilda-erickson","tag-horatio-alger","tag-lawrence-odonnell","tag-richard-digby-day","tag-william-adler"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/qualityofmercy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/trump_odonnell_klasfeld-e1714862635865.png?fit=1680%2C736&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/paF2cn-2qp","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/qualityofmercy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9325","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/qualityofmercy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/qualityofmercy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/qualityofmercy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/qualityofmercy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9325"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/qualityofmercy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9325\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/qualityofmercy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9327"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/qualityofmercy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9325"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/qualityofmercy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9325"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/qualityofmercy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9325"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}